Surface Water Sampling Procedure

Each Country may have their own procedure how to take water surface to be analyzed. This procedure will be very important, especially if the location of surface water sampling point near of Industrial waste water discharge, for example in the river. Industry consistent base to the regulation about the standard of waste water that can be discharged into the river, but river itself have their own standard in order can be used for several usage.

The following precautions should be considered when collecting surface water samples.

• Special care must be taken not to contaminate samples. This includes storing samples in a secure location on precule conditions which could alter the properties of the sample. Samples shall be custody sealed during long term storage or shipment.
• Collected samples are in the custody of the sampler or sample custodian until the samples are relinquished to another party.
• If samples are transported by the sampler, they will remain under his/her custody or be secured until they are relinquished.
• Shipped samples shall conform to all U.S Department of Transportation (DOT) rules of shipment found in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulation (49 CFR parts 171 to 179), and/or International Air Transportation Association (IATA) hazardous materials shipping requirements found in the current edition of IATA's Dangerous Goods Regulations.
• Documentation of field sampling is done in a bound logbook
• Chain-of-custody documents shall be filled out and remain with the samples until custody is relinquished.
• All shipping documents, such as air bills, bills of lading, etc., Shall be retained by the project leader and stored in a secured place.

Water Flooding Season

When the rain come, flooding season also come. This happen to several countries, especially to under development country. The drainage system still not build established, and illegal logging always happen everywhere, so the area can't accommodate rain water.

The building erection in the city also become main factor of water flooding, this time is flooding season for tropical countries like Indonesia, Philippine, Malaysia, and other neighborhood countries.

Cause of Flooding

Flooding in Jakarta is cause of some factors; the flooding in Jakarta has happened long time ago but the current environment condition as the trigger of flooding more often happened. Assistant Deputy of Aquatic Ecosystems Land Degradation Control, Ministry of Environment (KLH), Hermono Sigit, said the main problem of flooding in Jakarta due to many factors, such as high local rainfall and/or a combination of water transfers from upstream. Other factor that also affected to this condition like the infiltration of water is lacking, and too low contour of the land in Jakarta, said Sigit, the Interactive Dialogue for Action Rescue of Ciliwung.river.

 According to Sigit, from natural factors, there is the potential for flooding caused rob the soil surface (North Jakarta) which is lower than sea level Jakarta's 40 percent of its territory is below sea level. For this condition, Sigit suggested that some parts of the region in order to promote re-absorption of water. "Based on environmental principles, it is not directly discharged into the downstream, but used first in the upstream. Maintained so that the quantity and quality of water is also good, "he said.

According to Sigit, improvements in water quantity and quality, it should be handled from the water source.The water has to be controlled from the source, whether industrial, household, and others. The easiest thing that every household makes its owncatchment and septic tank itself, not directly discharged into the sea.

 "The main issue that keeps coming from the garbage waste stream, resulting in down stream waste is piling up. Segment 1, such as peak area as a tourist, the water is clear, but the water was contaminated with household garbage, "said Sigit. Sigit added, Jatiluhur not the factor that causes flooding in Jakarta. Water from the reservoir flows into the River Citarum Jatiluhur. If the quantity is much, may be disposed to Karachi and Jakarta. Until 2007, when rainfall is high and a standby status, Jatiluhur still able to hold water discharge.

Clean Water Program

Water is an important material for life. The success of your farm business and the health of your family depend on a clean water supply. Water is also a shared resource that everyone must help safeguard.

The Clean Water Program (CWP) is a rural water program by government to protect the availability of clean water. Every industry should fulfill the requirement of law that rule of every water take from earth or the waste quality that they should discharge back to nature. Industry just can take water from surface water like river and lake, for small industry and municipal can take ground water. For municipal is advised take shallow water source, if they take deeper water source they should ask permit to the government.

Local municipalities are offering cost-sharing grants to qualified landowners for best management practices that improve ground and surface water quality. The grant rate for all projects is 50% and range from a maximum of $500 - $5,000, depending on the project type.

All projects require the completion of an Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) or CWP Worksheet for Septic Systems and Wells. Projects may be eligible for a 70% grant when CWP is supplemented with EFP funding, or when landowners have activities on their property that may pose a significant threat to a municipal drinking water source.

Conservation Authorities may offer increased grant rates and/or maximum grants for specific projects. Please contact your local Conservation Authority for details.

World Weather and Water Flooding

Currently many world situation have on nature crisis, in many place get water flooding. Jakarta flood, South America like Brazil also flooded, Germany Flooded, China flooded, Australia also flooded. California that usually never get snow, currently have snow the strange condition on California. Global warming and also World Warning actually have given an alarm that the world condition is not normal again. Nature disaster have happened, earthquake, flooding, tsunami, mud flood and others are as signed from the universe. If your country don't have this disaster sign and your country don't care sometime this sign will reach your country.

Here are the list weather temperature condition list in several countries:

Beijing - China

Copenhagen - Denmark

Douala - Kamerun

Frankfurt - Germany

Buenos Aires - Argentina

Ohio - US

Tokyo - Japan

Clean River Program

To control their surface water quality, every country have policy and rule to manage of industrial effluent to the river. Like in Indonesia there is a program that has target to get better surface water quality like on the river and on river chanel that flow to the rice field. Indonesia have Clean River Program that called as PROKASIH that extent to program kali bersih. This program then release a government rule to manage this policy, on the below the standard for waste water treatment effluent to the river.

BOD: 60 mg/liter
COD: 150 mg/liter
TSS: 100 mg/liter
Sulfide: 0.3 mg/liter
Zn: 5 mg/liter
pH: 7.5

Those standard is determined depend on the substance that possible contain on the certain industrial waste. Better quality will get a better proper level that determined by environmental minister office. Not every industry expel Zn metal but may expel other weight metal like Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb or other metal, this metal parameter on water will limited by certain limitation rule and should be followed by those industry.

Every industry should sent their report monthly that contain daily checking of this parameter on their waste effluent to the river.

World Water Day

On the world water day, Saturday 20 of March, Indonesian government performs the river sail in Ciliwung – Jakarta. A number of Government institutions to celebrate this party, such as forestry department, general affair department and many others department.
This celebration also do with planting a number of plant in the side of this river to stand the water flood. Hundred seed of fish also release to the river. Unfortunately the scene of the river still don’t see nice because on the river still many waste and domestic waste look piling on the river side. Many of plastic waste can’t be transported on the side of river.

This celebration also care by two girl’s student from United States. They told that water source should be care to keep the live going on. Enthusiasm of civil also come to care the water keep clean, because after that look 17 boot ship that sail on this river. By this world water celebration, government hope civil will take care of their environment in order that water can use together.

Water Supply

A water supply provides water for use in homes and industries, for irrigation, for extinguishing facilities, and for many other purposes. The three most important factors in any water supply are its quality, the quantities available, and the location of the water supply relative to the points of use.

A typical water supply system consists of six functional elements; a source of supply; storage facilities for transporting water from the point of storage to a treatment plant; treatment facilities for altering water quality; transmission facilities for transporting water to intermediate points, such as standpipes or water towers; and distribution facilities for bringing water to individual users.

Industrial erection usually needs much of water supply, this water supply always being the first consideration on determining the place of industry. Water supply must be guarantee of always available for industrial purposes. So this is why many industries are located near to the river, in connection with their needed of water. This water source is called as raw water, this raw water then being proceed and change into clean water that needed by industry and household around the plant, usually called colony house.